一年一度的萬聖節就要到來了，萬聖節的宗教氛圍逐漸淡去，輕鬆娛樂的氛圍倒是越來越濃，現在幾乎是全世界都在流行了，那麼你們知道關於萬聖節的習俗中英介紹內容還有哪些呢?下面是本站小編爲大家準備2020萬聖節的習俗中英介紹範文，歡迎參閱。
萬聖節的習俗中英介紹
the customs of halloween
halloween is an observance celebrated on the night of october 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy. it is celebrated in much of the western world, though most common in the united states, puerto rico, republic of ireland, the united kingdom, canada, and with increasing popularity in australia and new zealand. halloween originated in ireland as the pagan celtic harvest festival, samhain. irish, scots and other immigrants brought older versions of the tradition to north america in the 19th century. most other western countries have embraced halloween as a part of american pop culture in the late 20th century.
the term halloween, and its older spelling hallowe'en, is shortened from all-hallow-even, as it is the evening before "all hallows day"(also known as "all saints' day"). in ireland, the name was all hallows eve and this name is still used by some older people. halloween was also sometimes called all saints' eve. the holiday was a day of religious festivities in various northern european pagan traditions, until it was appropriated by christian missionaries and given a christian interpretation. in mexico november 1st and 2nd are celebrated as the "dia de los muertos" day of the dead. halloween is also called pooky night in some parts of ireland, presumably named after the púca, a mischievous spirit. in australia it is sometimes referred to as "mischief night", by locals.
halloween is sometimes associated with the occult. many european cultural traditions hold that halloween is one of the liminal times of the year when the spiritual world can make contact with the physical world and when magic is most potent (e.g. catalan mythology about witches).
halloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? and how did this peculiar custom originate? is it, as some claim, a kind of demon worship? or is it just a harmless vestige of some ancient pagan ritual?
the word itself, "halloween," actually has its origins in the catholic church. it comes from a contracted corruption of all hallows eve. november 1, "all hollows day" (or "all saints day"), is a catholic day of observance in honor of saints. but, in the 5th century bc, in celtic ireland, summer officially ended on october 31. the holiday was called samhain (sow-en), the celtic new year.
one story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. it was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. the celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.
naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. so on the night of october 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. they would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.
probably a better explanation of why the celts extinguished their fires was not to discourage spirit possession, but so that all the celtic tribes could relight their fires from a common source, the druidic fire that was kept burning in the middle of ireland, at usinach.
some accounts tell of how the celts would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already been possessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. other accounts of celtic history debunk these stories as myth. the romans adopted the celtic practices as their own. but in the first century ad, samhain was assimilated into celebrations of some of the other roman traditions that took place in october, such as their day to honor pomona, the roman goddess of fruit and trees. the symbol of pomona is the apple, which might explain the origin of our modern tradition of bobbing for apples on halloween.
the thrust of the practices also changed over time to become more ritualized. as belief in spirit possession waned, the practice of dressing up like hobgoblins, ghosts, and witches took on a more ceremonial role. the custom of halloween was brought to america in the 1840's by irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine. at that time, the favorite pranks in new england included tipping over outhouses and unhinging fence gates.
the custom of trick-or-treating is thought to have originated not with the irish celts, but with a ninth-century european custom called souling. on november 2, all souls day, early christians would walk from village to village begging for "soul cakes," made out of square pieces of bread with currants. the more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf of the dead relatives of the donors. at the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul's passage to heaven.
the jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from irish folklore. as the tale is told, a man named jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked satan into climbing a tree. jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.
according to the folk tale, after jack died, he was denied entrance to heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to hell because he had tricked the devil. instead, the devil gave him a single ember to light his way through the frigid darkness. the ember was placed inside a hollowed-out turnip to keep it glowing longer. the irish used turnips as their "jack's lanterns" originally. but when the immigrants came to america, they found that pumpkins were far more plentiful than turnips. so the jack-o-lantern in america was a hollowed-out pumpkin, lit with an ember.
so, although some cults may have adopted halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. it grew out of the rituals of celts celebrating a new year, and out of medieval prayer rituals of europeans. and today, even many churches have halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. after all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.
中文譯文：萬聖節是紀念慶祝10月31日晚，尤其是在服飾打扮兒童和挨家挨戶上門收集糖果。這是在慶祝西方世界很多，不過大多數在美國，波多黎各，愛爾蘭共和國的共同，英國，加拿大，以及增加在澳大利亞和新西蘭的知名度。萬聖節起源於愛爾蘭作爲異教徒的凱爾特人豐年祭，samhain。愛爾蘭，蘇格蘭和其他移民帶來的傳統舊版本北美在19世紀。大多數其他西方國家接受，作爲美國流行文化在20世紀後期的一部分萬聖節。
萬聖節一詞，其舊拼寫萬聖節，是由原來的全空洞的，甚至，因爲這是前天晚上“萬聖節日”(也稱爲“萬聖節”)。在愛爾蘭，這個名字是萬聖節前夕，這個名字仍然是一些老年人使用。萬聖節，有時也被稱爲萬聖節前夜。這個節日是一個宗教節日當天在各個北歐異教傳統，直到它撥_傳教士和_給予解釋。在墨西哥11月1日和2日是著名的“直徑德洛杉磯穆埃”死亡之日。萬聖節之夜也稱爲pooky大概在命名後，普愛爾蘭，一個頑皮的精神部分。在澳大利亞，有時稱爲“惡作劇之夜”，由當地人。
萬聖節，有時候是因爲神祕。許多歐洲的文化傳統認爲，萬聖節是一年中閾限的時代精神時，其中一個世界上可以與現實世界接觸，當是最強大的魔法(例如關於女巫加泰羅尼亞神話)。
萬聖節是一個一年一度的慶祝活動，但到底什麼纔是真正的慶祝活動?又是如何這一特殊習俗起源的?難道，像一些人所說，是惡魔崇拜呢?或者它僅僅是一些古老的異教儀式無害的痕跡?
這個詞本身，“萬聖節”，實際上是在天主教會的起源。它來自一個萬聖節前夕承包腐敗。 11月1日，“所有空心日”(或“萬聖節”)，是一種榮譽的紀念天主教聖徒一天。但是，在公元前5世紀，愛爾蘭的凱爾特人，10月31日正式結束夏季。這個節日被稱爲samhain(播種恩)，凱爾特新年。
一個故事說，在這一天，所有那些誰在整個前一年去世會來的活體搜索返回的遊魂擁有下一年度。這被認爲是他們對來世的唯一希望。凱爾特人相信所有空間和時間的法律在此期間暫停，讓世界的精神與生活混爲一談。 當然，仍然生活不想被佔有。所以在10月31日晚，村民們撲滅大火家園，使他們感冒，並不可取。然後，他們將打扮成各種殘忍的方式，大肆服裝居民區周圍的遊行，被視爲破壞儘可能以嚇跑尋找精神的機構擁有。
可能是更好的解釋爲什麼凱爾特人熄滅的大火併沒有阻止神附體，但至今所有的凱爾特部落可能重新點燃一個共同的源頭，從他們的火災，火災的druidic被關在愛爾蘭中燃燒，在usinach。
一些帳戶告訴凱爾特人如何將燃燒在誰被認爲已經擁有的股份的人，作爲一個教訓排序的精神。凱爾特人歷史上的其他帳戶揭穿這些故事的神話。
羅馬人通過作爲自己的凱爾特做法。但在公元一世紀，samhain是到其他古羅馬的傳統，採取了一些他們在10日舉行，兌現波莫納一些慶祝吸收，水果和樹木羅馬女神。在波莫那象徵是蘋果，這可能解釋我們對萬聖節的蘋果漂泊的現代傳統的起源。
在還隨時間變化的做法，重點更加儀式。正如精神信仰藏減弱，衣像妖怪，鬼魂的實踐，和女巫儀式上的作用更加了。
萬聖節的習俗被帶到美國在1840年的逃離自己國家的愛爾蘭馬鈴薯饑荒的移民。當時，在新英格蘭最喜歡的惡作劇包括在外屋小費和unhinging柵欄門。
定製的伎倆或善待被認爲具有起源與愛爾蘭凱爾特人，而是與第九世紀歐洲習慣稱爲souling。 11月2日，追思節，早期_，走着，村與村的“靈魂蛋糕，”乞討由與葡萄乾麪包片方出。月餅越靈魂會得到的乞丐，更祈禱他們承諾說對捐助者對死者的親屬代表。當時，有人認爲，死者留在冰封了死後的時間，而祈禱甚至陌生人，可加速靈魂的通道天堂。
該南瓜燈籠習俗可能是由來自愛爾蘭的民間傳說。由於故事被告知，名叫jack，誰被認爲是酒鬼和騙子臭名昭著的一個男人，欺騙，爬樹撒旦。傑克則刻一個在樹的樹幹交叉形象，捕獲魔鬼了樹。傑克在與魔鬼，如果他決不會再誘使他達成協議，他會答應讓他失望的樹。
根據民間故事，傑克去世後，他被拒絕進入天堂，因爲他的罪惡行徑，但他也拒絕進入地獄，因爲他騙了魔鬼。相反，魔鬼給了他一個單一的餘燼點燃通過寒冷黑暗的路上。在餘燼放在裏面一鏤空的蘿蔔，以保持發光時間。 用蘿蔔愛爾蘭作爲他們的“傑克的燈籠”原本。但是，當移民來到美國時，他們發現南瓜是遠遠超過蘿蔔豐富。因此，南瓜燈籠是在美國一鏤空的南瓜，用餘燼點燃。
因此，儘管有些邪教可能採用爲他們最喜愛的“節日萬聖節，”這一天本身卻沒有增加邪惡的作法。它的前身是在慶祝新年凱爾特人儀式，並指出歐洲中世紀的祈禱儀式。今天，甚至很多教會萬聖節南瓜雕刻政黨或爲孩子們的活動。畢竟，這一天本身是邪惡的，只是作爲一個關心使。
萬聖節各國習俗介紹
萬聖節源於宗教信仰和西方古曆法(凱爾特樹歷)，所以最初的涵義等同於中國農曆的新年。後因爲天主教將其定爲“天下聖徒之日”，所以所有信仰_(天主、聖公宗、東正等教派)的地區、民族、國家都會共同度過這一節日。
隨着時間的推移，如今的萬聖節流行地區，主要以印歐語系中的日耳曼語族、拉丁語族和波羅地—斯拉夫語族國家爲主，包括了歐洲、美洲、非洲、大洋洲在內的多個國家。
亞洲地區，則主要是曾經被殖民或宗教文化薄弱的國家會有過萬聖節的傳統，比如越南、菲律賓等。但諸如日本、泰國、中國等國也逐漸因爲不同的緣故開始出現部分地區的萬聖節慶典活動。
美國萬聖節
萬聖節傳入美國是在1840年間。由於當時的愛爾蘭饑荒，造成大批愛爾蘭人移民美國，他們把慶祝萬聖節的習俗也帶到了美國這片土地。
美國每逢此日所有商店都出售鬼怪形食品、糖果、服裝和麪具等;由於南瓜燈是節日的標誌，所以家家戶戶都要買南瓜製作南瓜燈、進行南瓜燈比賽。晚上小朋友都會參加討糖吃的活動，他們提着南瓜燈籠挨家討糖，如果主人不給糖，孩子就會通過各種方式給主人造麻煩，或是將垃圾扔到主人家門口，或是踩爛他們門口的南瓜。
英國萬聖節
英國是萬聖節的起源地。公元前五世紀，當時居住於愛爾蘭的凱爾特人將10月31日定爲夏末，象徵一年的結束。凱爾特人爲怕成爲鬼魂的目標，便於當晚熄滅家中爐火，戴上猙獰可怕的面具，並打扮成鬼怪模樣一起走到街上巡遊，以驅趕那些遊魂野鬼。漸漸地，這些傳統習俗演變成今天年輕人的慶祝活動，大家盡情在這晚扮鬼扮馬，過一個開開心心的節日。
萬聖節到來，英國每個地方都有各自特色的活動。例如每年10月中下旬，倫敦的大街小巷就充滿了靈異氣氛。萬聖節期間在倫敦塔還原了很多施刑現場，在血腥塔裏彷彿能感受到鬼影重重。Seone是倫敦最大的夜總會，其萬聖節舞會在10月31日當晚通宵狂歡。
約克郡是英國著名的鬼郡。遊客可到南部的謝菲爾見識一下這裏萬聖節熱鬧的情景。每年萬聖節當日，市中心一帶的路段都會封鎖，用作舉辦Fright Night，這是一個規模冠絕全英的萬聖節慶典，每年有超過4萬人參與，參加者以妖魔鬼怪的可怕造型示人，並一同上街嚇人，實行譁鬼鬧全城。
此外，慶典當日還有不少活動供遊客參與，包括猛鬼街頭劇場、機動遊戲、搞鬼時裝表演、靈異導賞團、樂隊演出、驚慌小食攤……膽子夠大，喜歡刺激有趣的朋友，都不妨來見識一下。
